The Insects of Saint-Barthelemy
A discreet but essential tropical entomofauna to the Caribbean ecosystem
The Small Architects of the Ecosystem
Saint-Barthelemy hosts a relatively limited insect population compared to the wetter Caribbean islands, due to its dry climate and small area. However, the local entomofauna plays a crucial ecological role in pollination, decomposition of organic matter and as a food source for birds and other predators.
From colorful butterflies to elegant dragonflies, from hard-working bees to (dreaded) mosquitoes, the insects of Saint-Barth form a fascinating ecosystem for those who know how to observe. This guide will help you identify common species, understand their role and coexist with them during your stay.
The Butterflies of Saint-Barth
About 25 species of daytime butterflies are recorded in Saint-Barthelemy. The most visible are active from February to November, with peak activity during the rainy season (May-November).
Monarch (Danaus plexippus)
Large orange and black butterfly, famous for its extraordinary migrations
Toxic to predators thanks to the plants on which the caterpillars feed
Zebra Longwing (Heliconius charitonius)
Zebra-striped black and yellow butterfly with elongated wings
Lives up to 6 months, exceptionally long for a butterfly
Great Southern White (Ascia monuste)
Common white butterfly, sometimes in large groups
Can form spectacular clouds during migrations
White Peacock (Anartia jatrophae)
White with orange eyespots on the wings
Fast and jerky flight, difficult to photograph
Julia (Dryas iulia)
Bright luminous orange, graceful flight
Males patrol flowering areas to attract females
Cassius Blue (Leptotes cassius)
Small blue butterfly with fine tails
One of the smallest butterflies on the island
Best Observation Spots
- Private gardens and hotels - Bougainvillea, hibiscus and frangipani attract butterflies
- Colombier trail - Beautiful diversity along the path
- Carl Gustaf hotel garden - Numerous tropical flowers
- Morning (8am-11am) - Butterflies more active before intense heat
Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonates)
About ten species of dragonflies inhabit Saint-Barth, mainly near the rare freshwater points: temporary ponds, swimming pools, cisterns and ornamental pools.
Dragonflies (Anisoptera)
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Erythemis vesiculosa
Bright red dragonfly, stocky body, common near swimming pools
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Pantala flavescens
Golden yellow, great traveler (can cross the Indian Ocean)
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Tramea abdominalis
Blue-black with red abdomen, fast and powerful flight
Damselflies (Zygoptera)
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Ischnura ramburii
Small blue and black damselfly, very common
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Telebasis corallina
Bright coral red, near temporary ponds
Ecological Role
Odonates are fearsome predators: an adult dragonfly can capture up to 100 mosquitoes per day! Their aquatic larvae (nymphs) live several months in water and also consume mosquito larvae.
Indicators of water quality, their presence testifies to a healthy ecosystem. The scarcity of freshwater points in Saint-Barth limits their populations.
Bees and Pollinators
Honey Bees
Apis mellifera introduced, a few hives on the island producing rare honey with tropical notes.
Essential role in pollination of flowers and fruit trees.
Solitary Bees
Several native species nesting in dead wood or soil. Less visible but effective.
Do not live in colonies, each female builds her own nest.
Other Pollinators
Flies, wasps, beetles and moths also ensure pollination.
Essential diversity to maintain plant reproduction.
Mosquitoes and Protection
Species Present
Aedes aegypti
Tiger mosquito, potential vector of dengue, Zika and chikungunya
Day (especially morning and late afternoon)Culex quinquefasciatus
Common mosquito, bites at night
Night and duskAnopheles albimanus
Rare, formerly malaria vector (eradicated)
Dusk and nightEffective Protection
- ✓DEET-based (30-50%) or Icaridin repellents
- ✓Long, light-colored clothing in the evening
- ✓Impregnated mosquito nets (non-air-conditioned rooms)
- ✓Eliminate stagnant water (saucers, tires, gutters)
- ✓Fans and air conditioning (mosquitoes don't like cool air)
- ✓Essential oils: citronella, lemon eucalyptus
- ✓Avoid sweet perfumes that attract mosquitoes
Risk Periods: Rainy season (May-November), after heavy rains, humid areas and dense vegetation. The windy areas (Anse de Toiny, Grand Fond) have fewer mosquitoes.
Other Common Insects
Ants
15+ species
Role: Decomposers, predators
Crazy ants (Paratrechina) sometimes invasive
Termites
3-4 species
Role: Dead wood decomposers
Can damage wooden structures
Ladybugs
Several species
Role: Aphid predators
Valuable garden helpers
Grasshoppers
5-6 species
Role: Herbivores
Characteristic nighttime chirping
Bugs
Numerous species
Role: Varied (predators, plant feeders)
Some useful, others harmful
Beetles
20+ species
Role: Pollinators, decomposers
Scarabs and longhorns
Praying Mantises
1-2 species
Role: Insect predators
Excellent garden helpers
Earwigs
Tropical species
Role: Nocturnal omnivores
Harmless despite their appearance
Frequently Asked Questions
Are there dangerous insects in Saint-Barth?
Saint-Barth has no truly dangerous insects. Mosquitoes can transmit diseases (dengue, Zika, chikungunya) but cases are rare and monitored. Some ant and wasp species can sting, but without severity except for allergies. No dangerous scorpion or venomous spider.
When are there the most insects?
The rainy season (May to November) sees an explosion of insect populations, particularly after heavy rains. Mosquitoes are more abundant, but so are butterflies, dragonflies and other insects. The dry season (December-April) is much calmer.
How to photograph butterflies and dragonflies?
Prefer early morning (7am-10am) when they are less active in the cool. Approach slowly, without sudden movements. A macro lens (100mm) is ideal. For butterflies, photograph on flowers where they land. Dragonflies often perch on vertical stems.
Can you buy local honey in Saint-Barth?
Yes, a few beekeepers produce rare and sought-after honey in Saint-Barth. Production is limited by the dry climate and small area. You can sometimes find it at the Gustavia market, in certain fine grocery stores or directly from producers. High price (30-40 euros/jar) due to rarity.
Are insects a problem in accommodations?
Quality accommodations in Saint-Barth are generally well maintained and have no insect problems. Air conditioning, mosquito nets and regular maintenance limit their presence. A few ants or occasional small insects are normal in the tropics. Report any issues to your accommodation.
Are there fireflies in Saint-Barth?
No, fireflies are not present in Saint-Barthelemy. They prefer wetter climates with more vegetation. However, you may occasionally observe other bioluminescent insects at night, particularly some beetles.
Explore the Full Biodiversity of Saint-Barth
Marine fauna, tropical plants, birds and much more